营业执照
类别：Business Establishment & Licenses
作者：Rivary Finan Hernawan 日期：21/04/2022
作者的观点完全是他们自己的，不一定反映Putranto Alliance的观点。
当我们说出许可证这个词时，我们可能会想到很多事情。要合法驾驶汽车，我们需要驾驶执照。要合法使用软件，我们需要软件许可证。同样，做生意与这两个例子也没有太大区别。在一家公司想要合法开展其商业活动之前，它必须获得许可证。这个许可证就是我们通常所说的营业执照。
在本文中，我们将讨论营业执照。本文旨在提高人们对印尼营业执照类型、相关法律以及获取营业执照所需步骤的认识。
通过这项服务，我们旨在帮助您获得在印度尼西亚合法经营业务所需的许可证，并帮助您遵守任何所需的额外承诺。
内容表
印度尼西亚的营业执照
营业执照是由政府机构颁发的许可证，允许个人或公司在政府的地理管辖范围内开展业务。简单地说，它是由当地政府颁发的创业许可证.
由于它是根据地理管辖权进行监管的，因此对营业执照的要求通常因国家而异。通常需要拥有多个由不同政府部门和/或机构颁发的许可证。因此，一家公司可能需要拥有大量的营业执照才能开展业务。没有适当的营业执照，政府机构可以对经营企业进行罚款或关闭.
在印度尼西亚，公司也必须根据地区管辖权获得营业执照。一旦公司满足要求，政府将颁发许可证。
外国和国内投资均由BKPM管理，因为它规范了《公司法》和《外国投资法》。投资者必须首先申请BKPM批准。尽管如此，BKPM并没有为金融机构、保险或石油和天然气等高风险行业颁发许可证。它们是由相应行业的监管机构发布的。例如，雇用非印尼工人的进口和许可证由劳工部颁发。
为什么我要在印尼取得营业执照？
在印度尼西亚创业，不言而喻，必须事先获得营业执照。原因是我们需要向政府通报我们合法的商业活动。除此之外，以下几点也是在印度尼西亚获得营业执照的额外原因。
- 向公众保证我们的商业活动是安全的，并遵守印尼法律；
- 我们和我们的公司可以得到信任，并遵守相关法律；
- 作为我们公司从事何种商业活动的有形证据；
- 公司必须通过必要的程序和文书工作来组织印尼境内的业务情况。这有助于避免该国的混乱，尤其是在商业部门。
它不仅是开始商业活动的必要条件，而且营业执照还具有以下优势：
- 税收遵从
营业执照可以让业主很容易地跟上并提醒纳税，因为它们为政府提供了可能欠国家税的企业记录。 - 法律保护
拥有营业执照可以防止业主因非法经营而被关闭。 - 融资机会
要有资格获得资金，企业必须拥有许可证，因为这表明国家批准该企业。 - 可信性
通过在公司网站上展示营业执照，客户将确信他们是在与合法企业互动，而不是与欺诈企业互动。 - 商标
营业执照本质上是公司品牌所有权的证明。
Which Law Governs Business Licenses in Indonesia?
In order to establish a company in Indonesia, there are four laws that you have to look for:
- BKPM (Capital Investment Coordinating Board Regulation) Regulation Number 14 of 2015
Article 62 verse 2 on guidelines and procedures for Capital Investment Principle Licenses mandates companies that have obtained a principle license before the promulgation of BKPM Regulation 14/2015, where that principle license has expired, to apply for a business license as mentioned in Article 83 of Head of BKPM Regulation No. 15/2015.
This regulation also mandates all newly formed foreign companies to provide their financial audit before they could apply for permanent business licenses and/or other licenses (example: import licenses). This regulation was created in hope that foreign investor can realize their investment plan. Therefore, foreign investments company in Indonesia could achieve higher credibility. - Government Regulation Number 24 of 2018 on Electronic Integrated Business Licensing Services
Regulating the OSS (Online Single Submission) system. Most of the capital investment licensing matters have been transferred from the BKPM and some other government bodies to the OSS system. The OSS system is now under the supervision of the KKBP (Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian / Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs).
License reforms in industries not covered by this regulation are implemented with compliance of the sector. According to this regulation, there are three kinds of businesses that require business licenses to operate. Those are:
- Businesses that do not require infrastructure to do their business operations.
- Businesses that require infrastructure but do not have it yet.
- Businesses that require and have the infrastructure to perform business activities.
- Businesses that do not require infrastructure to do their business operations.
- BKPM Regulation Number 1 of 2020
- Providing technical guidance for the issuance of business licenses through the OSS System and serves as a legal basis for new features implemented in the newer OSS System.
- Addressing the technical details of the requirements of the business licenses and other licenses, such as commercial or operational licenses.
- Dividing business licenses and commercial or operational licenses into four categories, depending on the commitments the PT PMA must fulfill to activate the relevant license.
- Changing the format of business licenses and commercial/operational licenses issued under the new regulation.
- Establishes the action that BKPM takes in the case of violations by PT PMA.
- Law Number 11 of 2020 on Jobs Creation (the “Omnibus Law”)
The law aims to promote investment and job creation by streamlining regulations, simplifying the licensing process, and promoting business in Indonesia. - Government Regulation 5 of 2021 on Risk-Based Business Licensing
Based on the scale of the potential hazards a business might cause, the government categorized businesses into these three classifications: - Low-risk businesses;
- Medium risk businesses; and
- High-risk businesses.
The business licensing requirements typically differ based on which classification a business is in. The higher the business risk, the harder and stricter the business licensing requirements will be.
印度尼西亚的营业执照类型
根据其用途，我们可以将营业执照分为几种类型。例如，有一般许可证和特殊许可证。
- 一般许可证是一种允许货物和服务贸易等一般商业活动的许可证。
- 特别许可证是一种许可证，允许更具体的商业行为，如经纪或财产。
商业许可证也可以分为主要许可证和非主要许可证。
- 主要许可证是使用最广泛的商业许可证。一般、工业和建筑业经营许可证属于这一类。
- 工业经营许可证主要由制造石油、天然气或地热活动的公司使用，即使他们没有直接参与其中；和
- 建筑公司在开始任何商业活动之前，必须持有建筑营业执照。
- 非主要许可证是指在企业初始化其运营之前所需的许可证。这包括运营许可证或许可证。
虽然印尼存在许多其他类型的营业执照，但上述两种类型以及一般营业执照是迄今为止最常见的。
在印度尼西亚获得营业执照的步骤
一般来说，要在印度尼西亚获得营业执照，公司必须事先准备以下要求：
- 公司章程（AOA）；
- 法律和人权部的批准；
- 企业识别号；
- 公司税务ID；和
- 投资细节的价值。
除此之外，公司还可能被要求在其业务领域获得以下许可证：
- 位置许可证；
- 取水许可证；
- 环境许可证；和
- 建筑许可证。
根据业务的不同，可能需要其他要求。
许多运营许可证现在可以通过在线提交系统（OSS）申请。 该系统将我们公司的数据链接到不同的政府机构，以便通过该系统颁发多个许可证和注册。
以下是公司获得营业执照的步骤。前三个步骤也包含了获得NIB的方法。
- 在OSS注册
转到OSS网站，创建一个帐户。选择您是微型和小型企业还是非微型和小型公司。 - 完成注册
对于个人企业主，将需要一个识别号（NIK）。对于非个人企业主，我们需要提供批准成立契约的数量，以及成立公司的法律依据。 - 输入公司信息
获得OSS访问权限后，企业必须将自己的信息输入到系统中。这包括但不限于企业名称、识别号、地址、投资类型、业务领域、投资地点、计划投资金额、联系电话和NPWP。一旦输入了所需的数据，OSS系统将发布NIB。 - 申请营业执照
在完成OSS流程并获得NIB后，企业可以申请营业执照。
然而，如果没有先前的经验，在系统中导航并获得所需的许可证可能会很有挑战性。此外，一些营业执照需要额外的承诺，如果不履行这些承诺，将导致执照无效。系统中没有具体列出额外的承诺，这可能会混淆申请人。
我们如何提供帮助
我们协助客户申请各种类型的营业执照，如建筑、房地产、采矿、贸易等。凭借我们的专业知识，我们将指导您满足获得这些营业执照的要求。如果您在满足许可证要求方面遇到问题，我们将帮助您浏览系统并集思广益解决方案。在需要时，我们还可以在授予许可证后帮助您满足合规要求。
References
O’Sullivan, Arthur; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 186. ISBN 0-13-063085-3.
BKPM – Indonesia Ease of Doing Business 2018
UK Departement for International Trade – Exporting Guide to Indonesia
NSWI BKPM – Business Area Establishment
Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia – OSS for Business Licensing
FAQs
SIUP is one of many forms of business license. Specifically, it is a license for a business entity to conduct trade or business activities. However, the functionality of SIUP has been replaced by NIB and Business Licenses.
In addition to the requirement, a company must have completed its manufacturing phase. In other words, they have to be in at least the production phase.
While they serve the same purpose based on functionality, some riskier business services, such as financial business, may strictly require a business license instead of NIB. However, NIB itself is sufficient for lower-risk businesses, such as when you want to run a cafeteria.
Even if a business already has a Business License, it is still obligated to register the business through the OSS system to obtain a NIB. The Business License will still be in effect after getting the NIB.
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